Active ingredient: Tramadol

Brand Name: Ultram, Ultram ER, ConZip

Drug class: Opioid analgetics

Mechanism of Action:

Tramadol is an opioid analgesic used to treat moderate to moderately severe pain. Its mechanism involves dual actions: it binds to opioid receptors in the brain, inhibiting pain signals, and inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, enhancing pain relief. Because of its dual mechanism, tramadol is considered less potent than other opioids, but it still carries risks of dependence and side effects

Effect on fertility biomarkers

Long-term use of tramadol, like other opioids, can negatively impact fertility and ovulation. Opioids suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, leading to decreased levels of gonadotropins (LH and FSH) and sex hormones (estrogen and testosterone). This can cause conditions like hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, resulting in irregular menstrual cycles, anovulation (lack of ovulation), and reduced fertility in women. In men, it can lower testosterone, affecting sperm production and fertility. Opioids like tramadol can also induce adrenal insufficiency and hyperprolactinemia (increased prolactin levels). These hormonal imbalances can lead to fatigue, decreased libido, and further reproductive dysfunction.

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References:

Gadelha MR, Karavitaki N, Fudin J, Bettinger JJ, Raff H, Ben-Shlomo A. Opioids and pituitary function: expert opinion. Pituitary. 2022 Feb;25(1):52-63. doi: 10.1007/s11102-021-01202-y. Epub 2022 Jan 23. PMID: 35066756.

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Disclaimer: The information provided may not include all possible interactions or side effects of medication. The effects on fertility biomarkers can vary and may depend on the dosage, how long the medication is used, the medical condition, or other factors. This database is for informational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult your healthcare provider or a qualified health professional if you have questions about medications, fertility, or medical conditions.