Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is commonly used as a contraceptive and for treating various conditions like endometriosis, abnormal uterine bleeding, and as part of hormone replacement therapy. It works by mimicking natural progesterone and acting on progesterone receptors in the body. MPA inhibits the secretion of gonadotropins, specifically luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), by exerting negative feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary. This prevents ovulation and reduces estrogen levels, which are necessary for follicular development.
