Active ingredient: Glycyrrhiza glabra

Brand Name: Licorice, Liquorice

Drug class: Herbal Medicinal Products

Mechanism of Action:

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) extracts contain the active compound glycyrrhizin, which inhibits the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. This leads to increased cortisol levels, producing anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Licorice is commonly used to treat conditions like gastric ulcers, sore throat, respiratory issues, and inflammation. Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) exhibits strong estrogen-like activity by mimicking estrogen’s effects and reducing testosterone synthesis. This makes it beneficial in managing conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and menopause.

Effect on fertility biomarkers

The use of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) during pregnancy planning should be approached with caution. While licorice has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, its active compound, glycyrrhizin, can affect hormonal balance. Licorice may increase cortisol levels and decrease progesterone levels, which play a key role in maintaining pregnancy. Some studies show that excessive consumption of licorice can disrupt the menstrual cycle, suppress ovulation, and reduce the chances of conception. Additionally, licorice may increase the risk of high blood pressure and cause fluid retention, which could negatively affect health during pregnancy. Therefore, women planning pregnancy are advised to avoid prolonged or excessive licorice intake and consult a doctor before incorporating it into their diet.

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References:

Ceccuzzi G, Rapino A, Perna B, Costanzini A, Farinelli A, Fiorica I, Marziani B, Cianci A, Rossin F, Cesaro AE, Spampinato MD, De Giorgio R, Guarino M. Liquorice Toxicity: A Comprehensive Narrative Review. Nutrients. 2023 Sep 5;15(18):3866. doi: 10.3390/nu15183866. PMID: 37764649; PMCID: PMC10537237. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10537237/ Mattarello MJ, Benedini S, Fiore C, Camozzi V, Sartorato P, Luisetto G, Armanini D. Effect of licorice on PTH levels in healthy women. Steroids. 2006 May;71(5):403-8. doi: 10.1016/j.steroids.2006.01.005. Epub 2006 Mar 2. PMID: 16513152. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16513152/ Pastorino G, Cornara L, Soares S, Rodrigues F, Oliveira MBPP. Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra): A phytochemical and pharmacological review. Phytother Res. 2018 Dec;32(12):2323-2339. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6178. Epub 2018 Aug 17. PMID: 30117204; PMCID: PMC7167772. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7167772/

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Disclaimer: The information provided may not include all possible interactions or side effects of medication. The effects on fertility biomarkers can vary and may depend on the dosage, how long the medication is used, the medical condition, or other factors. This database is for informational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult your healthcare provider or a qualified health professional if you have questions about medications, fertility, or medical conditions.