Clomiphene works as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), primarily used to induce ovulation in women experiencing infertility. It binds to estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus, blocking negative feedback from estrogen, which increases the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). This triggers a rise in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), stimulating ovarian follicle development and ovulation.